Precipitation condition index. For some products, like the U.

The probability of observed precipitation is then transformed into an index. Temperature Condition Index# The Temperature Condition Index (TCI) compares the current Land Surface Temperature (LST) to the range of values observed in the same period in previous years. Most commonly, anomalies from an arbitrarily defined base period (eg; 1950-79) are the values Dec 19, 2022 · This study calculated the soil moisture condition index (SMCI) and precipitation condition index (PCI) derived from soil moisture and precipitation data, which are closely related to agricultural drought. Standardized precipitation is the difference of precipitation from the mean for a specified time divided by the standard deviation, where the mean and standard deviation are determined from the climatological record. 2017). The present study considers a Aug 1, 2013 · The precipitation estimation has a spatial and temporal climate component but it cannot be directly analyzed with VCI and TCI. Jan 9, 2020 · The annual spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation occurrence frequency (λ 0) in China (1961–2015). One of the most used indices to evaluate the drought is the standardized precipitation index (SPI) due to its practicality and evaluation in a variety of time scales, however, this uses precipitation as the only variable, depending on the deviations in the precipitation values. Jan 15, 2024 · Drought is a common hydrometeorological phenomenon and a pervasive global hazard. The Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) Gridded Standardized Precipitation Index is derived from the GPCC monthly precipitation dataset and includes Mar 9, 2024 · Extreme precipitation events (EPEs) have garnered considerable social concerns due to their hazardous and destructive nature. We focus on soil moisture deficits, which are indicative of associated impacts on ecosystems. 1993). 0 indicates drought condition, while SPI ≥ 1. How to monitor regional drought scientifically and accurately has become a hot topic for many scholars. However, sometimes, the interpretation of the concentration index could be confusing because depending on the Jan 30, 2022 · The evaluation of the meteorological drought is fundamental for the management of the water resource. Drought Monitor (USDM). Conditions are estimated relative The Weighted Mean Vegetation Health Index (Weighted Mean VHI) allows the user to assess the severity of the drought from the start of the growing season, examining the vegetation health and the influence of temperature on plant conditions. With the continuous warming of global climate, the frequency and intensity of drought events have Mar 30, 2022 · The standardized precipitation index (SPI), one of the most commonly used drought indicators, is widely used in the research areas of drought analysis and drought prediction in different fields May 29, 2023 · To address this limitation, the study introduces the climate condition index (CCI) for 153 countries covering the 1901–2021 period to investigate the relationship between climate and Sep 15, 2019 · The Scaled Drought Condition Index (SDCI) is an agricultural drought index derived from multiple remote sensing datasets including precipitation from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) and temperature and vegetation index from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). 0 represents a wet condition. The fact that precipitation is not normally distributed is Sep 9, 2022 · Most indices use a single variable (eg. Notes about this product: A related recommended practice applies the Standardized Vegetation Index (SVI) instead of the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) for drought monitoring and can be found here. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) (McKee et al. Origins: Developed from work done by Kogan with NOAA in the United States. Modifications were proposed to the Precipitation Tool (APT) and a user’s guide for the APT. Dec 1, 2022 · Rhee et al. The NOAA CMORPH precipitation dataset is a gridded dataset derived from combining numerous microwave-based estimates from low orbiter satellites. Recent Observations: 30Jun2024 3-Month SPI 6-Month SPI 12-Month SPI 24-Month SPI Legend. It can be calculated for any time scale; various monthly and multi-monthly time scales are shown here. Odjug o In most studies, the standard precipitation index (SPI) is a prime indicator to study drought. 6 (corresponding to the moderate, severe, and extreme drought categories given in Table 1) are straightforward and thus appealing, as the z-score limits of z = −1, −1. Aug 19, 2016 · NOAA/ National Weather Service NOAA Center for Weather and Climate Prediction Climate Prediction Center 5830 University Research Court College Park, Maryland 20740 Page Author: Climate Prediction Center Internet Team This paper works on the agricultural drought forecasting in the Guanzhong Plain of China using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models based on the time series of drought monitoring results of Vegetation Temperature Condition Index (VTCI). , 2021) and vegetation conditions (Amani et al. WCDMP-47, WMO-TD 1071, Geneve Jun 28, 2016 · Standardized Precipitation Index. • Supports and basis for engineering application and further research on extreme precipitation and flood Apr 21, 2018 · Purpose of review We review the extensive and sometimes conflicting recent literature on drought changes under global warming. Temperature Condition Index (TCI) Index name: Temperature Condition Index (TCI). Jan 24, 2024 · The validity of CDI was assessed using gross primary productivity (GPP), soil moisture (SM), Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). Army Corps of Engineers (Corps). An index score of 9 or lower indicates antecedent precipitation conditions are drier than normal; a score of 10-14 indicates conditions are normal; and a score of 15 or higher indicates conditions are Mar 18, 2017 · The analyzed data in this article shows patterns of rainfall variability, frequency of drought years, seasonal concentration of precipitation and temperature conditions. Dec 1, 2015 · Standardized Precipitation Index applied to summer three-month accumulations (JJA) for Madrid and London, 1901-2005 (Parry et al. (b) gradient of precipitation occurrence The USDM map provides a “snapshot” of current conditions. Soil moisture is a key state variable of the land surface, reflecting complex interactions between the water, energy, and carbon cycles. This index reflects two different land-atmosphere interactions at the annual scale: the wetting conditions (runoff generation process governed) and the drying conditions (evapotranspiration process governed). Characteristics: Using AVHRR thermal bands, TCI is used to determine stress on vegetation caused by temperatures and excessive wetness. To address this limitation, the study introduces the climate condition index (CCI) for 153 countries covering the 1901–2021 period to investigate the relationship between climate and Climate indices play a key role in climate monitoring and prediction. The script May 16, 2023 · Continued climate warming and precipitation fluctuations are expected to further affect aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) across alpine grasslands, with associated implications for ecosystem functions. Kleist and in 1993 (McKee et al. Many drought indices have been developed during the last decades for drought characterisation and analysis. (1993) to quantify precipitation deficit at a given location for multiple timescales. (2010) introduced the Precipitation Condition Index (PCI) by using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. 21 °C from 1880 to 2012. Jan 14, 2021 · Drought has been one of the major natural disasters faced by human beings since ancient times. The Standardized Precipitation Index, or SPI, is a drought index that captures how observed precipitation deviates from the climatological average over a given time period. PCI can directly respond to precipitation anomalies ; while SMCI can quantitatively portray the degree of wet and dry soil anomalies . May 17, 2001 · In China, an index called the China-Z Index (CZI) has been used since 1995 by the National Climate Centre of China to monitor moisture conditions across the country. Jan 1, 2012 · This substantial shift in climate conditions is reflected in the decline in SGIs, especially in the long term under SSP5-8. The SPEI is based on precipitation and temperature data, and it has the advantage of combining multiscalar character with the capacity to include the effects of temperature variability on drought assessment. The PEDCI combines the advantages of SPEI and Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). This overview covers the interval 1993-2012, it focuses mainly on the publications in international journals, and May 1, 2022 · A first comprehensive and systematic review on the research of extreme precipitation in China. 72, with an Jul 30, 2019 · The VH products can be used as proxy data for monitoring vegetation health, drought, soil saturation, moisture and thermal conditions, fire risk, greenness of vegetation cover, vegetation fraction, leave area index, start/end of the growing season, crop and pasture productivity, teleconnection with ENSO, desertification, mosquito-borne diseases Climate News. Mar 25, 2020 · The aridity index relates to the competition between precipitation P and PET. , et al. e. They bring together the physical climate, weather and hydrology data and reconcile that with local expert feedback, impact reports and conditions observations. 1980; Keyantash and Dracup 2004; Orville 1990), from which the first three categories are related to water scarcity (Hao et al. The Precipitation Condition drought Index (PCI) is widely used for defining rainfall concentration and rainfall erosion. During the 34-year study period, mean growing season NDVI for China exhibited a significant increase (R 2 = 0. For some products, like the U. Drought Monitor, authors combine their analysis of drought indicators with input from local observers. (2010) considered the effect of precipitation on drought severity and applied the empirical weighting method and the precipitation condition index (PCI) based on TRMM data to establish a comprehensive drought monitoring index named the scaled drought condition index (SDCI). As issues related to climate conditions are very intricate, different techniques and indices were applied to analyze and refine the data. 63, P < 0. As the most frequent and longest-lasting climate-related disasters, droughts are complex processes caused by hydrological imbalance, and have significant effects on ecosystem function and socioeconomic development. Water availability will decrease during this century under SSP3-7. Jun 28, 2016 · Standardized Precipitation Index. Drought is a complicated hydrometeorological phenomenon depending on several environmental factors. Information should be used to build a strong understanding of current climate conditions in order to appreciate future climate scenarios and projected change. Doesken, and J. 1007/978-94-015-9265-9_2 Peterson, T. Jan 6, 2021 · Single drought indices, including the Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), the Temperature Condition Index (TCI) derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data, the Precipitation Condition Index (PCI) derived from Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) data, and the TCI and Soil Moisture Condition Index (SMCI . May 29, 2023 · This research discusses the impact of climate change on inflation, as well as the limitations of existing econometric models in incorporating multiple climate-related variables in determining inflation. The calculation of this index is easier than the SPI. , sea level pressure, sea surface temperature anomalies, geopotential height, precipitation) while others, such as the Palmer Drought Index (PDI) use a combination of variables (eg, temperature and precipitation). (a) mean of precipitation occurrence frequency. , precipitation, temperature, soil moisture) to depict drought conditions. Recent findings Offline projections A drought index combines multiple drought indicators (e. Among the various methods the Hughes (1986) discusses an attempt to define the joint probability structure of storm rainfall depth and an antecedent precipitation index, while Schmidt and Schulze (1987) describe how the catchment moisture status has been incorporated into a South African design flood model based on the USDA SCS (United States Department of Agriculture's This page presents Bangladesh's climate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. 4, and −0. 2, −0. The accurate and timely characterisation of agricultural drought is crucial for devising contingency plans, including the necessary mitigation measures. The TCI is expressed in % and gives an idea where the observed value is situated between the extreme values (minimum and maximum) in the previous years. However At twenty years after its launch, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is intensively used both in fundamental studies and practical applications. In case of a meteorological drought which has an extremely low precipitation, the PCI is close or equal to 0, and at flooding conditions, the PCI is close to 100 Mar 14, 2024 · Climate change is a major concern, as it profoundly affects many facets of our lives. The study assessed the application of a combination of Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and human observation approaches to understand spatio-temporal dynamics of drought in Zvishavane District. , 1974 Jun 4, 2019 · An index developed by McKee et al. The Precipitation Concentration Index (PCI) is an effective measure of the temporal inhomogeneity of annual precipitation and is widely used in many studies. Using rain-gauge data from 583 stations in China for the period 1961-2010, this paper documents the spatial characteristics of PCIs over the entire country and their long term variability. Mar 1, 2023 · Rhee et al. into Early August; ENSO-neutral is expected to continue for the next several months, with La Niña favored to emerge during August-October (70% chance) and persist into the Northern Hemisphere winter 2024-25 (79% chance during November-January) (11 July 2024) Jun 1, 2021 · The D-score ranges for the drought classifications given in Table 1 are suggested in accordance with the PNPI method (Barua et al. The SPI is used for estimating wet or dry condition based on precipitation variable. Precipitation Condition Index (PCI) PCI ranges from 0 to 100 corresponding to changes in precipitation from extremely unfavorable to optimal. 001) from 0 Jul 2, 2021 · The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) showed that the global average surface air temperature had increased by 0. 2015; Wang et Mar 1, 2023 · Rhee et al. ,1993) has been used to assess meteorological dry and wet conditions. Ease of use: Green. On short timescales, the SPI is closely related to soil moisture, while at longer timescales, the SPI can be related to groundwater and reservoir storage. Oct 6, 2022 · Drought is the most widespread natural disaster in the world. Aug 15, 2021 · Based on the practical application of the TCI and VCI, two kinds of new drought monitoring indices, the Precipitation Condition Index (PCI) and Soil Moisture Condition Index (SMCI) were proposed, which were calculated through the precipitation and soil moisture content (Zhang and Jia, 2013). One of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI): The SPI is a drought index first developed by T. To find a specific climate index, jump to the search box below or click your desired index from among the blue sub-category buttons. , 2012a), and Microwave Integrated Drought Index (MIDI) (Zhang and Jia, 2013), have been developed through synthesizing TRMM precipitation, SM, LST, and vegetation index variables using Jan 1, 2021 · The core aims of the present study are first to compute the Scaled Drought Condition Index (SDCI) by integrating Precipitation Condition Index (PCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), and Various drought indices have been developed to monitor drought conditions. , 2017). In this paper, the synthesized drought index (SDI) is defined as a principal component of vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI) and precipitation condition index (PCI). doi: 10. , 2012a) have been developed based on the LST, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (Rouse et al. Authors build upon the previous week’s map, identifying areas that might have changed in response to recent weather patterns. 0 Dec 1, 2021 · 1. , vertical where α 1 and α 2 are the weights of the single index in constituting the integrated drought indices; PCI is the Precipitation Condition Index with precipitation from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), SMCI is the Soil Moisture Condition Index with soil moisture from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E), and TCI is the Short-Term Percentiles. However, most conventional satellite-based drought indices and combined drought indices are mechanically constrained by the fact that they were developed and evaluated for a The aim of this step-by-step procedure is to create a standardized precipitation index (SPI) timeline based on daily CHIRPS data. • Variation and regional characteristics of extreme precipitation under non-stationary conditions due to climate change and human activities. Therefore, in this research, precipitation condition index (PCI), which normalized by the TRMM 3B43 data using a similar algorithm of VCI, was defined for the detection of the precipitation deficits from climate signal. The Short-Term Composite Drought Indicator Percentiles map approximates drought-related impacts that respond to precipitation (and secondarily other factors) on time scales ranging from a few days to a few months, such as wildfire danger, non-irrigated agriculture, topsoil moisture, range and pasture conditions, and unregulated streamflows. Jun 1, 2015 · This index normalizes NDVI and separates the long-term ecological signal from the short-term climate signal and in this sense it proves to be a better indicator for monitoring water stress condition as compared to NDVI (Kogan and Sullivan, 1993). The U. There are some papers and thesis available which have used this index. Mar 8, 2022 · Although the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is recommended by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) for monitoring Meteorological droughts in any part of the world, the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) (Palmer Citation 1965), the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) Drought indices are also widely used The Antecedent Precipitation Index (API) serves as a valuable tool in understanding and quantifying the impact of prior rainfall on current conditions. To do this, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data Aug 19, 2023 · The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a widely used index to characterize meteorological drought on a range of timescales. The APT is an automation tool that the US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) developed to facilitate the comparison of antecedent or recent precipitation conditions for a given location to the range of normal precipitation conditions that occurred during the preceding 30 yr. Mar 31, 2023 · In this study, the Scaled Drought Condition Index (SDCI) was firstly developed for agricultural drought assessment which is calculated based on Precipitation Condition Index (PCI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) using TRMM and MODIS dataset; then, crop yield was employed as the reference of drought Jul 10, 2024 · netcdf-4. 5. Monthly and seasonal indices provide a critical link between historical weather descriptions and quantitative climate reconstruction Nov 7, 2023 · What is the APT? The Antecedent Precipitation Tool (APT) is a desktop tool developed by the U. Various The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was designed to show that it is possible to simultaneously experience wet conditions on one or more time scales, and dry conditions at other time scales. To monitor global drought-wetness conditions comprehensively and promptly, this research proposed a spatial distance drought index (SDDI) which was constructed by four drought variables based on multisource remote sensing (RS) data, including the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land surface Feb 24, 2022 · Due to the importance of drought, drought monitoring and variations impact analysis are necessary for preparing appropriate management approaches, but rainfall data are very limited and of low distribution over the world. It has brought about several issues, including declining water supply, reduced agricultural yields, increased drought occurrences, and increased heat waves. Gridded Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) from NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information is derived from the nClimGrid-Daily dataset and includes describe the dry and wet conditions based on the different parameters so, there might have some possibility to establish a relationship between these two methods. J. Dryness or wetness of soil is a major indicator for agriculture and hydrological drought and for that purpose, the index, soil moisture condition index (SMCI), is computed. , 2010). * Dec 1, 2022 · Rhee et al. The results emphasized that this region had a negative precipitation anomaly and vegetative stress The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI; McKee 1993) is the number of standard deviations that observed cumulative precipitation deviates from the climatological average. S. It is implemented operationally in numerous Hydrological and Meteorological Services, being considered a universal drought index. Jun 27, 2022 · A framework was set up to monitor drought in the semi-arid regions of eastern Tamil Nadu, southern India, for the period of 2014–2018 CE with the application of the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the scaled drought-condition index (SDCI), and the standardized water-level index (SWI). According to the results of the accuracy evaluation, the correlation between the estimated model and the observed three-month SPI values in 2017 was 0. Apr 30, 2021 · The standardized precipitation index (SPI) was employed to identify the drought and wet events at study stations by setting a threshold (truncation) level (±1), if SPI ≤ −1. This index was proposed by Martin-Vide Int J Climatol 24:959–971 (2004) to explore the contribution of the days of the greatest rainfall to the total amount. 2001. McKee, N. The deviation of precipitation from normal is a major cause for meteorological droughts and for that purpose, precipitation condition index (PCI) is computed. CLIVAR/GCOS/WMO workshop on indices and indicators for climate extremes: Workshop summary, Weather and Climate Extremes, 42, 3-7. , 2011) Regional and global journal articles using the SPI. Aug 13, 2020 · As rarer precipitation events are expected to be more influenced by climate change 7,16,17 and scale with vertical moisture transport rather than horizontal moisture advection 6, it remains Jun 30, 2014 · Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) is more reliable for detecting emerging drought and it is becoming an increasingly important tool for assessing moisture condition and initiating drought The weighted condition values are then summed across the three 30-day periods to calculate a final precipitation normalcy index score. , 2010), Synthesized Drought Index (SDI) (Du et al. The SPI is used as it highlights the difference to the mean precipitation during a given time and therefore provides information about drought-like conditions. Notes about this product: Aug 17, 2019 · Soil moisture plays a key role in land-atmosphere interaction systems. There are 4 types of drought, including meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and socio-economic droughts (Dracup et al. The Antecedent Precipitation Index Calculator simplifies this process, providing a quick and efficient way to determine API values. A third index, the statistical Z-Score, can also be used to monitor droughts. Sep 1, 2023 · Moreover, the drought map of the region was developed using the optimal indices, including the ETCI, the precipitation condition index (PCI), and the random forest (RF) algorithm. It is being used in research or operational mode in more than 70 countries. C. To identify the possible causes of EPEs in China, this paper presents an in-depth investigation of how EPEs coincide with atmospheric conditions, i. 85 ± 0. CPC Key Message (Updated 24 Jul 2024) - Widespread Excessive Heat Over Much of the U. CDI was subsequently used for drought monitoring in northern China from 2011 to 2020. g. Consequently, a separate SPI value is calculated for a selection of time scales. This page presents Nigeria's climate context for the current climatology, 1991-2020, derived from observed, historical data. The procedure to calculate the index is detailed and involves a The Global Gridded Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is derived from the CMORPH daily dataset and includes timescales of 1, 3, 6 and 9 months. About 90 VTCI images derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data were selected to develop the ARIMA models from the Mar 1, 2023 · Request PDF | On Mar 1, 2023, Oshneck Mupepi and others published A combination of vegetation condition index, standardized precipitation index and human observation in monitoring spatio-temporal Sep 9, 2019 · The concentration index (CI) has been widely used in recent years to analyze the statistical structure of daily precipitation. The APT is commonly used by the Corps and the U. , atmospheric instability, moisture availability and moisture convergence, as well as driving variables, i. The climate index overview page summarizes the philosophy of climate indices. Drought on land is known as the deficiency in Soil Moisture (SM) being affected by both Land Surface Temperature (LST) (Ebrahimy et al. In this study, one of these indicators, the antecedent precipitation index (API), is explored. In this paper, Geographically Integrated Dryness Index (GIDI) was integrated from an assortment source including Precipitation Condition Index (PCI), Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Soil Moisture Condition Index (SMCI Jul 3, 2020 · Moreover, comprehensive RS dryness indices, such as the Scaled Drought Condition Index (SDCI) (Rhee et al. Introduction. The script will be executed within Google Earth Engine and will Oct 1, 2020 · For example, the Temperature Condition Index (TCI) (Bhuiyan et al. The analysis reveals that eastern and Apr 22, 2024 · The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) is an extension of the widely used Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Although it can be estimated through in situ measurements, satellite remote sensing, and hydrological modelling, using indicators to index soil moisture conditions is another useful way. B. DESCRIPTION OF THE STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX Overview: The SPI is based on the probability of precipitation for any time scale. Zhang and Jia (2013) derived the Soil Moisture Condition Index (SMCI) from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer EOS (AMSR-E) and applied it to meteorological drought monitoring in northern China. The SPEI is designed to take into account both precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (PET) in determining drought. 5, and −2, respectively, in the SPI Mar 1, 2023 · Drought requires a multifaceted approach in order to better understand it. These indices have been widely used in both Jun 1, 2020 · The objective of this study is to introduce a hybrid drought index, the Precipitation Evapotranspiration Difference Condition Index (PEDCI), and to compare its performance in Oklahoma to existing Jan 1, 2020 · This study developed a hybrid drought index called the Precipitation Evapotranspiration Difference Condition Index (PEDCI) and evaluated it using the Standardized Precipitation and Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI), soil moisture and the U. The spatial and temporal variability of ANPP in Tibetan Plateau (TP) grasslands and its response to temperature and precipitation were investigated in this study, based on the ANPP Apr 1, 2010 · Abstract The authors propose a new climatic drought index: the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). Environmental Protection Agency (“the agencies”) to support decisions as to whether field data collection and other site-specific observations occurred under normal climatic conditions. Report on the Activities of the Working Group on Climate Change Detection and Related Rapporteurs 1998-2001 , WMO, Rep. The synthesized drought index (SDI) was constructed based Jan 21, 2020 · Interannual variations in growing season NDVI and precipitation. Mar 14, 2018 · Drought is a major natural hazard with significant effects in the agricultural sector, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. 4 STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX USER GUIDE 3. In this study, six popular drought indices, namely, precipitation condition index (PCI), temperature condition index (TCI), vegetation condition index (VCI), vegetation health index (VHI), scaled drought condition index (SDCI), and The aim of this step-by-step guide, offered on the UN-SPIDER knowledge portal, is to create a standardized precipitation index (SPI) timeline based on daily CHIRPS data. Jul 18, 2018 · This chapter introduces the methodology and applications of indexing temperature and precipitation from narrative and proxy sources. But Jan 1, 2017 · in climate conditions o n natural ecosystems and processes. Amidst these challenges, the influence of short-term drought events on plant growth and irrigation schedule emerges as a critical concern. The D-score limits of −0. Remote sensing as an important tool has been widely used for drought managing and monitoring. , 2006), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) (Kogan, 1995), Soil Moisture Condition Index (SMCI) (Zhang and Jia, 2013), and Precipitation Condition Index (PCI) (Du et al. Each index has typical characteristics that make it applicable to a specific environment. Background Drought is a recurring phenomenon that can lead to significant losses to societies affecting different aspects of human life such as agriculture, food security Apr 18, 2022 · Drought is one of the natural hazards causing many problems in environmental, social, and economic sectors (Zhang et al. jp ie ax tb mi lb mq gc iz kx