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chain. Edit: I have seen references posted to code 54C6 VTG Oil Wear that means change the fluid. T. He said it needs to be a new one, and that the problem is that this one has been programmed to a different car. That Fault Code suggests that the VTG/VGSG Transfer Case Module is NOT receiving an expected "torque" signal from the DSC Module. Transfer case actuator itself 3. , 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada Nov 6, 2022 · https://www. for the transmission bearing (included in 27 00 270/770)Open the oil filler plug (1). Try to get at least 500ml out. The all-wheel drive (AWD) system in BMW vehicles is a system that provides power to all four wheels of the vehicle. Mar 12, 2023 · Definition of 55C3 Fault Code, per BMW Fault Code Lookup: 55C3. They communicate via the PT-CAN BUS, as opposed to discreet wires between those two modules ONLY. 本日はBMW X3の警告灯修理の車両をご納車させて頂きました。. In this video we will show you the other variation of xdrive / transfer case actuator , that is used in E60 / E61 / E90 / E91 / E92 . anyway at first, I want to try to replace VTG module. AWD. Can I put the car on jack stands and simulate the slippery condition Feb 4, 2020 · I have a 54C8 code , VTG transfer servo pump to high, its a BMW 328xi 2007 130 thousand miles, put new Servo actuator in it replace all CV JOINTS and new speed sencer clear all codes . I kept getting ECU errors I tried to read it first, reset it and then code it. com/ytSuscríbete para recibir Videos Nuevos cada Semana: https://www. Apr 15, 2022 · I changed the VTG oil once before at 85,000 I can clear codes but the fault comes back right away i recalibrate and it says it took the recalibration and recalibration angle was adjusted from the previous angle. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for BMW Vtg Transfer Case Control Unit Atc300 - 27607607980 at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products! Dec 3, 2020 · Hi, I have dealt with this exact issue on my e70 4. Join Date: Nov 2011. I noticed the value was 29 before and 0 after, so basically it was reset. com/user?u=67707741 May 12, 2014 · Welcome. Transfer case actuator gear 2. Jan 20, 2022 · Use a transfer pump to assist. com is generated by its users. コレがお預かり時の状態です。. I got two of those "job not found" popups, myself. Hi all -. 2 - Transfer box control unit has already been replaced and gearbox class was read out of old control unit. Feb 19, 2011 · Interrogated fault memory. Do wymiany będzie pot Using my scan tool to reset my transfer case /Also Known as VTG Part 1 Mar 14, 2019 · In my country no one knows how fix this problem. Trying to repair VTG mode but I ended up replacing it ! Sep 28, 2019 · So there are a few different power 'terminals' in BMW cars: Terminal 15, Terminal 30g and Terminal 30g_f. Jun 27, 2021 · Wie funktioniert eine VTG Steuerung und wo ist der Unterschied zur Wastegate-Klappe? Wie schafft es die VTG, das Turboloch zu reduzieren? Und warum findet ma Oct 19, 2018 · Willkommen bei der Firma Graf in Hamburg. cleared faulty memory. This included the transfer box (VTG) as well. Nov 17, 2019 · Poškozený Xdrive BMW A shop called me out to program and code a replacement VTG module for the listed 2018 BMW 430i. I had my local indie check for codes and it indicates the transfer case does not have all wheels at the same velocity. vgsg90. 2021 Tesla Model 3 [0. 81. This is an older thread, you may not receive a response, and could be reviving an old thread. 皆さまこんにちは、アローズの矢田で御座います。. VGSG wheel Notlaufregelung activated. 54c8 - This code gets set commonly when the actuator clutch in the T-Case has a problem. Nov 27, 2018 · 79 posts · Joined 2012. several message faults stored in other control units. Dec 5, 2018 · I changed oil in transmission and had the entire transmission rebuilt. Regarding luxury and performance vehicles, BMW has been a symbol of excellence for decades. 8i. dina31474 Discussion starter. Lahko trdimo, da se je število vozil BMW, ki imajo vgrajen xDrive pogon v zadnjih letih povečalo in posledično tudi napake, ki se dogajajo Used BMW Transfer Case Module (VTG) ATC700 Programming Service for the following years / models / series: 2007–2013 / X5, X6, X5M, X6M / E70 E71 E72. In this episode I diagnose a BMW e90 Xdrive that has the 4x4,DSC,ABS,EBV message on dashboard, I start with a diagnosis, after which I check the power supp Aug 7, 2019 · I changed the transfer case oil about 15k miles ago using the bmw oil. Te traemos una nuevo Procedimiento Avanzado, en esta ocasión, se trata del Procedimiento Calibración de Transfer VTG en BMW X3, ¡que lo disfrutes! Este video es un extracto de la Sesión Completa que nuestro amigo Hugo Segura compartió para la Comunidad de Técnicos Élite, puedes ser parte de esta comunidad y de la Exclusiva Sep 2, 2023 · Since the first writing of this article, replacement gears have actually gone from $100 down to $20 or less! Complete assembled motor. Opravy xDrive VTG rozvodovek. VTG = Transfer Case Control Module. Mar 10, 2021 · 5175 posts · Joined 2017. comhttps://goo. Like. bimmerfest. Transfer box. It hasn't gotten any worse over the past year or so, but Dec 26, 2005 · Nothing. e transfer case (VTG) using special tool 0 493 337 (00 2 080) and special tool 2 457 963. Over the past 10 days, my 07 530xi has been giving off the 4x4 Warning, at first it was infrequent, but, now it comes on after only a couple of miles of driving. 4 - Initialization of transfer box control unit. Agreed; in addition the transfer case adaptations will need to be reset. Jul 12, 2011 · A BMW tech would know. that should be it. For the transfer case oil wear. WF06083. This X5 E70 3. Parts Required: Transfer case fluid, transfer case fill and drain plugs. The issue with the VTG can cause the mentioned codes you shared: D36A No message (VTG, 0xBC), receiver DSC, transmitter VTG. This is extremely important for CBS . The pin assignments and functions are Nov 23, 2023 · The new code is 53FC VTG: 30G voltage, and its always associated with a DCS code 53FA for the xferbox. gmail. May 24, 2024 · Big and Powerful. I suspect that 54C8 refers to the transfer case clutch plate engagement being out of spec, and it normally has a baseline set by installing a specific classification resistor (which would explain the reference in your code). 2012-2015 BMW 3-Series and 4-Series Forum. 0. 2023 BMW X5 xDrive40i [0. 00] Quote: Originally Posted by alyqc. dd-getriebe. The common reason is that the case has not been serviced and needs new fluid. vtg fc 5208 : supply servomotor, vtg 52D1: incremental transducer in servomotor supply, vtg 54C9, temp sensor. It connects to my car and works a treat (as far as I May 8, 2020 · Hey everyone I drive a 2017 BMW 440i xDrive, I recently hit a curb on the rear driver's side and had to replace the cv axle, spindle, wheel bearing, control and trail arms in that area. Don't mess around, buy the BMW fluid. Set includes: clutch with drum. checked signals to vtg servomotor, signals ok. Used in models as below: Jul 12, 2019 · Willkommen bei der Firma Graf in Hamburg. car is F31 320i xdrive. >DMF link. コンピューター Aug 6, 2022 · based on ISTA-D, all wheel drive must do TC calibration or function check when had work on TC actuator motor. brand new one is very high price. " Since my rig has 84K miles and no service lights glowing, I'm going to assume that transfer case oil degradation would only be indicated by codes Nov 16, 2021 · Vidange de la boîte de transfert avec huile BMW DTF1 . That gives the option to change the fluid and reset the case. Ask Your Own BMW Question. Often used to reference the electronic control module for the transfer case rather than the transfer case itself. Brought it to dealer and they said the VTG motor needs to be replaced, all spark plugs & cylinder coil??? All to the tune of around $2100!!! Dec 3, 2018 · 750 li 2012. Transfer case actuator control unit (the one in the trunk) 4. Sort by Oldest first. This service will make replacement Transfer Case Module fully programmed to the car. Also, Over-voltage can scramble bus communications between Modules, such as Wipers "self-activating", Instrument Cluster Warning Lights, or other Cluster Complete repair kit for transfer case VTG ATC400 BMW X3 E83. めっちゃ点いてますね (^^; F25で4x4ランプは初めて見たかも・・・. Other Transmission & Drivetrain. Don't worry about the vin being burned into it. See more for BMW X3 E83 X5 E53 Transfer Box Case Vtg Ac 4WD Transfer Box Actuator VTG Hi-Lo Motor For BMW X3 2004-2019 X5 2000-2013 X6. Got a whole bunch of errors soon as I started my car and placed into reverse. vtg fault 5208, 52D1 return immediately after starting engine Recibe tu Regalo GRATUITO de Capacitación Automotriz aquí: https://automotrizenvideo. U vozů BMW s označením xDrive je pohon na všechna kola řešen rozvodovkou VTG. I might put too much fluid in there. Came out 0. Um euch die bestmögliche Q Jan 4, 2015 · Service functions provide directions on changing the transfer case oil and updating the VTG control module with the necessary reset and adaption procedure. Immediately after that the car started shifting badly. Here are ISTA ScreenPrints of VTG (Transfer Case Module) and DSC/DXC Module wiring. BMW Mechanic: Eric. Jun 11, 2015 · 153 posts · Joined 2014. Content on bimmerfest. If you have ISTA there is a service function ABL that will walk you through the process and do the necessary coding. Tab: Talent. One litre of the BMW fluid required is about $50. A BMW tech would know. #2 · Dec 31, 2020. iTrader: ( 0) VTG - Longitudinal Torque Motor failure. 00] 2017 BMW X3 xDrive28i [0. it is demonstrated started at the 20:30 mark in this video. the VTG 4X4 is back on is there a registration I have . The system calculates the oil wear depending on the usage of the car. Changing the transfer case fluid on a routine basis is sound advice. sealing set. No DSC specified nominal torque. Complementary Modification: Change transmission fluid at same time. No DXC desired torque setting Code: 0055C3. As the fault is now coming up& stored you have to replace the oil in the transfer box and then reset the oil interval with a capable diagnostic scanner. Ok, take a piece of paper and place against the case and use a pencil to lightly rub over the paper. All with ATC700 (Active Torque Control 700) transfer case (VTG). to do for the new actuator and change fluid in the transfer cast and reset that. to the rear diff. The actual transfer case I’m hoping it’s #1. At our BMW dealership, we take pride in offering a wide range of new BMW cars, used , and certified pre-owned BMW models to cater to the diverse tastes and preferences of our esteemed customers. It is about to hit 88K miles and is due. Dec 31, 2020 · 1404 posts · Joined 2006. Jun 18, 2020 · This video is showing how to perform BMW F25 VTG encoding using Autoland I-Scan 3 / I-Scan 3eWhen does this function to be execute?:After the VTG (Transfer C BMW Fault: 5463 Mechanism faulty, 539E Transfer case malfunction, Repair - AdaptationFor those who can support financially:WebMoney :E285823852236 Z3512 Nov 6, 2022 · How to code a used module, simple and fast ! Using an aftermarket Programmer is 10 times faster than an OEM one. Dostaneme vás zpět na cestu. Come join the discussion about Bimmerfest events, production numbers, programming, performance, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, maintenance, and more! Bringing the BMW community together. Hier tauschen wir den Motor des VTG an einem X-Drive E61 Jan 12, 2020 · VTG Transfer Case 55C3/not present VTG:AWD Limp-Mode control activated. Wir sind eine freie Werkstatt, die sich auf die Marken BMW und Mercedes spezialisiert hat. i do my active test and it says failed have not tested off road. I recently changed the oil in my entire drive train of my 328xi wagon, from front-diff. best wishes. First up was drivers assistance reduced, then 4x4 malfunction, then restraint systems malfunction, then parking assistance function malfunction. deWhatsapp: 01707005520Mail: autoservicedenisdick. #1 · Oct 13, 2014. Oct 13, 2014 · D. Hey everyone, recently having 4 wheel drive lights coming on and staying on. It also has an 18-pin connector that connects it to the VTG actuator motor and contains wires for sensors and motor control. VerticalScope Inc. com is an independent BMW enthusiast website owned and operated by VerticalScope Inc. wear oil Code: 0054C6. The programming and coding procedure went fine (I used my Autel Ultra), and the vehicle ran without any popping any codes. Jan 29, 2015 · GOT A BMW WITH CODES 1)5463 - Mechanism faulty. wer edge of the opening for the oil fille. Additionally this can set the DSC and VTG warning light on the dashboard as the complete stability system stops functioning properly. ly Siemanko !!!Dzisiaj pokażę wam jak wymienić olej w skrzynce VTG czyli tak zwanym reduktorze lub skrzynce rozdzielczej w BMW seri 7 F02. INPA or May 10, 2021 · 2 - Transfer case repair - options: 1 - Old transfer box control unit is still installed. Hecho por un aficionado. Do you know how to re-programming and re-coding? Dec 20, 2016 · I bought a used (very low mileage) VTG unit from Ebay and tried replacing it, cleared codes with INPA, and got the exact same codes again. BMW transfer case actuator motor disassembled (brand new black replacement gear pictured). #6 · Jan 15, 2020 (Edited) That code is showing 55C5 - VTG: message (engine torque 3, AA) @ OBDCLOUD. hi, To answer to your question, VTG unit is not plug and play, you will need to run ISTA-D to : -Transfer old data from clutch wear from old VTG unit to "new" one. . 050 Replacing the cross membe. look at DMF415 post for his experience. gl/maps/nB2FtVafgzppSPQ1600:00 Einleitung01:00 VTG anbohren und Öl abl BMW 328xi wagon VTG Oil Change - Integrator Reset / Adaptation. lien pour le garag Jul 12, 2022 · About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright Razdelilnik pogona oziroma VTG je komponenta, ki skrbi da se prenos moči ustrezno prilagaja na vsako kolo individualno in na ta način zagotovi, da kolo z večjo trakcijo prejme ustrezno povečano moč. 7 en español. In researching this I’ve come across these possible causes: 1. -reset classification resistor. ly/2C1lOrA🦾 VCDS Profi-Set, kabellos: https://bit. "440102 Transfer Box (VTG): Oil Wear". #4 · Mar 10, 2021. BMW F12 VTG Calibration. D36B No message (VTG, 0x376), receiver DSC, transmitter VTG. Cena od 25€ je za jedan crni zupcanik, set sa oba zupcanika je 35€. needle bearing for shaft. Terminal New Name Description Terminal 0 Terminal 0 is a logical terminal and does not provide a power supply Jul 1, 2021 · Currently experiencing AWD/4X4 errors at 152,000 miles. Vidange des 2 ponts avec huile castrol 75w90 . It won't matter in that control unit and as for programming, it already has software in it since it's used. However these have received new names as of CAS4 (with Boardnet 2020). After I I changed the bearings and oil in my TVG, have this fault. 3)5462 - Servo motor coupling force too high. As stated in the BMW service procedure: Oil Monitoring is performed by the VTG control module to determine when a service (change) is due. looks like 4193, but not quite sure on the 3. - Replace drain plug on applicable models and tighten to 60nm. check the transfer case threads above for DMF and KENZA experience and rotation test/ $995 rebuilt transfer case fix. Dec 1, 2018 · 2008 BMW X3 M-Sport, N52, automatic ("#1") Modifications: The VTG Classification Resistor belongs to the transfer case and NOT to the actuator. patreon. Feb 24, 2021 · BMW X3 E83 ⚠️le coupable n'est pas l'#actionneur de boîte de transfert ⚠️ #539E, 5463(2), 54C4 et #5F3ALogiquement on remplace l'actionneur lorsqu'on entend Feb 24, 2016 · Resetting transfer case and transmission adaptations. VTG: AWD limp-home control activated. Car Parts & Accessories. 0si N52B30 with 6HP21x / 6HP19z transmission. It should show the numbers on the paper to read at that point. on my laptop along with the appropriate OBD to USB cable. Písmeno X značí pohon všech kol u automobilky BMW a můžete jej mít v každém modelu. Buscar en este sitio VTG - Transfer Box May 23, 2023 · BMW 3-Series (E90 E92) Forum > E90 / E92 / E93 3-series Technical Forums > BMW Coding > E90 VTG Coding Thread Tools: Search this Thread 05-23-2023, 05:45 PM Mar 2, 2018 · Interrogated fault memory. There is no fixed oil change interval for the transfer box. razdelilnika pogona. I also show the ISTA Definitions of D36a & D36b as found in ISTA for your VIN (March 2007 build E90 328xi). Na vgrajene komponente nudimo garancijo. Extract the transmission oil from t. The car drives flawlessly, however, when I floor it in the lower gears (1,2) the ABS, chassis stabilization and tpms light come on. The steering angle sensor is brand new. Tools: Fluid pump, 18mm wrench and socket, 14mm Allen bit. Um euch die bestmögliche Q May 9, 2014 · The control unit is the VTG module. ABS-DSC Dynamic Stability Control 5F2F/not present DSC: Transmission interface 5F45/not present DSC: Brake-fluid level too low 6F4E/not present The VTG control unit is located below the rear luggage area in the E83 and below the rear bench seat in the E53. Mine is a 2013 xDrive35i with the 8HP tranny. With diagnostic OBD ant "launch" program I cant fix this. Porucha xDrive VTG se projevuje při prudké akceleraci škubáním, popřípadě při jízdě v zatáčce. Quoted $3,800 to replace. Support my Channel if it helps you solve problems: https://www. I Replaced the battery, DSC, VTG motor, VTG module and updated the software to the latest i-level and I was still getting the same faults for 55C3 VTG: AWD limp-home control activated. Please consider creating a new thread. bmwdiagsoft. Top up transmission oil up to the. more. 4. bearing set. Performance Gain: Extend lifetime of your transfer case. #1 · Jun 11, 2015. 2. Another cause is that the connection to Mar 21, 2022 · BMW Mechanic: Daniel. After disconnecting battery for a while and reconnecting Jun 20, 2024 · Vehicle Parts & Accessories. Jul 8, 2013 · You do the quick test which gives the X by transfer case, highlight the transfer case, continue and run the system test. You choose this and you can hear the case going through some movement presumably moving the clutches for resetting. Describe better the "huge noise. Mar 19, 2023 · I have successfully got ista+ running, and connected to car , E70 2011 4d. Garage List. Its connecting OK, can read out data OK, but when I try to recalibrate transfer case after fluid change, it crashes the VTG module, dash board lights up like a xmas tree with 4wd lights warning, handbrake dsc. I clicked "OK" through them and the Oil Change routine completed with the adaptations reset to zero, as well. Obnovo pogona izvajamo z originalnimi ali originalu enakovrednimi rezervnimi deli ali preko priznanih partnerjev. I then brought it to my indie, and he said the same thing- VTG needs to be replaced. I would expect there to be OTHER fault codes in DME, EGS Video describes the BMW VTG 54C4 5463 Transfer Case Issues, how it works and how to test, enjoy. Location: Burnaby. Seveda je pred popravilom potrebno opraviti “Diagnostiko vozila” oz pregled. Oct 7, 2022 · Likewise, it can also maintain high levels of power and torque at high engine speeds. for used one. With the new Module 7606629, the truck will work sometimes and other times get a 4x4 light at startup with the 53FC code and a random DCS code (which ISTA-D states is only there because there's an issue with the VTG and to ignore). - Using transfer pump & fill tube, fill transfer case until oil just starts to drip out of the fill hole (approx 600-750ml depending on transfer case model) - Replace fill plug and tighten to 60nm. Kit réparation jeu de crémaillère Bmw . >the transfer case module could still be OK . BMW 3-Series (E90 E92) Forum > E90 / E92 / E93 3-series Technical Forums > All-Wheel-Drive (Xi / xDrive) Talk > Corroded voltage regulator in VTG module Google Search Search Forums Jun 27, 2024 · If DSC Module does NOT appear in Control Unit/Module Tree/List, that suggests (a) lack of power to DSC, (b) Lack of PT-CAN bus communication with DSC, or (c) Internal Fault in DSC. Diagnosis by BMW Dealer\Service for $165: Axle Exciter rings have corroded and are contacting both front wheel speed sensors. Here we have two separate issues. 3 posts · Joined 2014. Close up of the new replacement transfer case actuator gear and the motor housing metal worm gear. 85l, put in 1l,just dripping from top. oil pump. Manual de usuario del BMW Scanner 1. " Like airplane take off, not muffler explosion. It was driving me crazy. Most of the videos show Dec 2, 2022 · www. 4 - Manual de Usuario. This makes the VTG turbocharger ideal for use in BMW performance vehicles. I've been doing a lot of searching here and on other forums and am concerned about some symptoms that point to the transfer case going bad. Visit Our New BMW Dealership in Shelburne, VT Today. the VTG 4X4 is … read more Jan 13, 2020 · 07X3N52. Which model vehicle is this? The last 7 digits of the VIN would help. #1 · Nov 27, 2018. Jul 26, 2020 · BMW X3 F25 VTGモーター交換. 55D0/not present Message (steering wheel angle, 0xC4) error, receiver VTG, transmitter DSC. I think the fuse would have to be put back to test it. It has a substantial wheelbase of 2995 mm and can be equipped with 21-inch wheels, with Sep 20, 2017 · I have a 54C8 code , VTG transfer servo pump to high, its a BMW 328xi 2007 130 thousand miles, put new Servo actuator in it replace all CV JOINTS and new speed sencer clear all codes . 00] 2014 BMW X3 xDrive35i [0. 00] To test the VTG you remove it from the transfer case, but keep the plug on it attached. Think of it as Variable Transfer Gear, probably a translation from German. You can use NCSExpert to code it. The symptoms are slight jerking under hard acceleration, particularly in higher gears. iTrader: ( 0) Transfer case calibration procedure. Transmission & Drivetrain. I had a code set: VTG Oil Wear (code: 54C6) which seems to be a regular occurrence on many 4 wheel drive 3 series with high mileage. -Calibration. Later the shop took it out for a test drive, and at the first hard turn it kicked out three intermittent codes: 480682 - VTG Jul 20, 2015 · A forum community dedicated to BMW owners and enthusiasts. BMW Scanner 1. Hi fellows, More than one month ago I drained the fluid and filled fresh BMW fluid. It has a 6-pin connector that connects it to the vehicle electrical system and provides power, ground, and CAN lines. 70 posts · Joined 2018. Nov 6, 2023 · bimmerfest. Originalni zupcanik za motor reduktora VTG za modele E87, E53, E70, E71, Discovery LR3 LR4 , RANGE ROVER SPORT. you . followed test plan. Dec 16, 2023 · BMW 325xi Sedan (2006) BMW 330xi Sedan (2006) Project Time: 3 hours. The 2024 BMW i5 M60 Touring measures 5060 mm long, 1900 mm wide, and 1505 mm tall. It means that the value of resistance the actuator needs to fully engage the T-Case is different than what it actually took. vtg fault 5208, 52D1 return immediately after starting engine BMW 5-Series (F10/F11/F07/F18; 2011-2017) fuses and relays Ad vertisements In this article, we consider the sixth generation BMW 5-Series (F10/F11/F07/F18), produced from 2010 to 2016. The VTG calculates transfer case and clutch wear based on the amount. Feb 1, 2023 · I don't think "service life reached", because this car is 42000km. Then you use ISTA to give commands to test it (don't remember exactly where to go)if it passes, it works. 3 - Old transfer box control unit cannot be addressed. pl/#kontakt - Potrzebujesz diagnostyki, programowania, kodowania lub programów do diagnostyki BMW ? Skontaktuj się ze mnę: kontakt@b Drives: G05 2019 X5. Both front axles and both front wheel speed sensors must be replaced to correct the issue. Location: South Florida. 2)5F3A - transfer case malfunction. I can almost read them. Then I drove for week or two and then calibrated the VTG in ISTA. BMW Garage: BMW Meets: Register: Today's Posts: Search: He checked the VTG ratio and the rear diff and are both at 2. Mar 3, 2017 · 6289 posts · Joined 2013. Aug 10, 2023 · Yes you would need to use some sort of programming software to swap the VTG module. At some point in the next couple of weeks I'm going to be changing both the transfer case and automatic transmission fluids in my '08 x3. #11 · Nov 29, 2017. This video is for educational and informa Jun 15, 2018 · ⬇️⬇️Original VCDS⬇️⬇️Wählt unter dem Link zwischen3 FIN, 10 FIN oder Unlimited: https://bit. com is not in any way affiliated with Bayerische Motoren Werke AG. I have and Enet cable and ISTA-D; ISTA-P, but I not find how clear this fault. Za xDrive pogone nudimo popravilo tako servo-motorčka kot tudi ostalih komponent VTG-ja oz. hf dz mo mb fo xy ob il de ma